在MG 1-2021 Motors and Generators中关于电动机冲击电流inrush current的描述如下:The values in the previous tables are rms symmetrical values, i.e., average of the three phases. There will be a one-half cycle instantaneous peak value which may range from 1.8 to 2.8 times the above values as a function of the motor design and switching angle. This is based upon an ambient temperature of 25°C.
同样的在IEC60034-12-2016 Starting performance of single”speed three”phase cage induction motors标准中关于冲击电流inrush current的描述如下:The values tabled for locked rotorapparent power are based on r.m.s.symmetricalsteady state locked rotor currents ; at motor switch on there will be a one-half cycleasymmetrical instantaneous peak current which may range from 1,8 to 2,8 times the steady state locked rotor value. The current peak and decay time are a function ofthe motor design and switching angle。
IEC60034-12-2016标准对应的国标为GBT 21210-2016单速三相笼型感应电动机起动性能,原文翻译如下:附表中列出的转子堵转视在功率相应于转子堵转时对称的稳态电流有效值。电动机接通电流时会有一个0.5周的不对称瞬时峰值电流,为稳态值的1.8倍~2.8倍,此电流的峰值和衰变时间与电动机的设计及合闸相角呈函数关系。
总结下来就一句话:电动机起动瞬间第一个半波的冲击电流(瞬时值)是起动电流(有效值)的1.8~2.8倍。电动机保护断路器的磁脱扣力与电流瞬时值的平方成正比,但是断路器磁脱扣电流一般以有效值表达,如下图: